Los padres recibirán pagos mensuales de hasta u$s 300 por menor a su cargo como ampliación de la red de seguridad social. Ya tenían un crédito fiscal de hasta u$s 2000 por niño por año, que también se está elevando a entre u$s 3000 y u$s 3600 para este año fiscal.

Desde 2003, la legisladora demócrata de Connecticut Rosa DeLauro afirma que el gobierno estadounidense debería hacer pagos directos a los padres para ayudarlos a mantener a sus hijos, algo que ya hace la mayoría de los países desarrollados.

Durante casi dos décadas ella hizo campaña en solitario, hasta que la pandemia de Covid-19 provocó un alarmante aumento de la pobreza infantil y generó en Washington la voluntad de buscar nuevas formas de aliviar esa situación.

DeLauro consiguió incorporar una versión de esa política al paquete de estímulo del presidente Joe Biden de u$s 1,9 millones que este mes se convirtió en ley. «Es un nuevo salvavidas para la clase media», afirmó en el recinto de la Cámara de Representantes la semana pasada. Y así, este verano Estados Unidos se embarcará en su primer experimento a nivel nacional con subsidios a la infancia. Desde julio hasta fin de año, millones de padres recibirán cheques mensuales de hasta u$s 300 por hijo menor de seis años, y u$s 250 por aquellos menores de 18 años.

Algunos expertos en políticas y miembros del Congreso describen los pagos como la ampliación más importante de la red de seguridad estadounidense desde 1935, cuando se introdujeron las prestaciones de la seguridad social para los ancianos. Los investigadores de la Universidad de Columbia calculan que los beneficios mensuales reducirán casi a la mitad el número de niños considerados pobres.

«Franklin Roosevelt sacó a los ancianos de la pobreza, el 90% de ellos con la seguridad social; y de un plumazo, el presidente Biden va a sacar a millones y millones de niños de la pobreza en este país», aseguró DeLauro.En EE.UU. los padres ya recibían un crédito fiscal de hasta u$s 2000 por niño por año, que también se está elevando a entre u$s 3000 y u$s 3600 para este año fiscal.

Pero los cheques mensuales son totalmente nuevos: son efectivamente un adelanto parcial del valor del crédito que los padres recibirán cuando presenten sus declaraciones de impuestos de 2021. De lo países ricos del mundo, Estados Unidos es prácticamente el único que no realiza pagos directos a la mayoría de sus niños. Canadá transfiere a sus familias de bajos ingresos hasta u$s 450 mensuales, programa que según su gobierno ayudó a reducir 20% los índices de pobreza entre 2015 y 2017. Finlandia otorga prestaciones dinerarias mensuales cercanas a u$s 119 por niño, mientras que Dinamarca paga hasta u$s 735 por trimestre.

Comparado con esas naciones, Estados Unidos se queda atrás en cuanto al gasto en prestaciones familiares y tiene mayores índices de pobreza infantil. Durante décadas, el sistema de asistencia social estadounidense se ha basado en la idea de que los padres tenían que tener trabajo, o demostrar que estaban buscando empleo para tener derecho a la ayuda.

El sistema estadounidense gira en torno al crédito fiscal por hijo de u$s 2000, que se introdujo en 1997 a raíz de la reforma de la asistencia social de Bill Clinton, aprobada un año antes. En aquel momento, los legisladores de ambos partidos propusieron vincular las prestaciones estatales a los requisitos de trabajo. La mayoría de las familias con bajos ingresos sólo tenían derecho a recibir parte de ese crédito.»Estaba armado completamente al revés», dijo Kris Cox, del think tank progresista Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. «Los chicos que más lo necesitaban eran los que menos recibían del crédito».

173 comentarios en «EE.UU comenzará a pagar $300 USD de asignación por hijo»
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