La pandemia global de coronavirus COVID-19 puso contra las cuerdas a buena parte de las empresas en todo el planeta. Y la Argentina no fue la excepción. Sin embargo, pese al complicado contexto, algunos emprendedores entusiastas continuaron adelante con sus proyectos, esperanzados en poder brindar nuevos modelos de negocios en el corto plazo.
Una de las iniciativas más prometedoras nacidas en plena pandemia en la Argentina fue Agrotoken, una plataforma global de tokenización de commodities agrícolas y alimentos, encargada de desarrollar la «criptosoja», la primera criptomoneda respaldada en granos.
El origen»Agrotoken nació en abril de 2020. Somos un emprendimiento que nació en pandemia. Nos juntamos un grupo de personas de diferentes disciplinas. En mi caso, es todo el desarrollo de cripto», explica María Gabriela Roberto Baró, CEO & Co-Founder en Agrotoken, en diálogo con iProUP. «Otro de nuestro founders es brasileño y es líder en esta tecnología de tokenización y cripto. Además, teníamos un referente en todo lo que es negocios», añade.
Un día, los fundadores se juntaron de forma remota para analizar cómo la pandemia estaba cambiando la forma de relacionarse entre las personas, y a la industria, entre sus actores.
«En esa charla surgió cómo estaba empezando a pegar todo lo que era cripto. Toda esa industria explotó el año pasado y empezamos a evaluar cuáles eran las industrias que más impulso podrían llegar a tener. Obviamente, viviendo en la Argentina dijimos ‘es el agro'», añade.
«Cuáles eran los sectores que faltaban que ingresaran a esta industria cripto. Ya blockchain en sí ayuda a muchos proyectos agro en el mundo dedicados a trazabilidad, a supply change, a seguros, pero no había ningún proyecto que pusiera en valor al grano en sí. Ahí fue cuando empezamos a ver los modelos de negocios, los procesos y cómo podíamos gestar entonces un token», resalta.
¿Qué es la tokenización? Básicamente, la posibilidad de transformar un activo real en un activo del mundo digital.
SOYA es el nombre que posee la «criptosoja» desarrollada por Agrotoken. Cada token de SOYA tiene el respaldo en el mundo real de una tonelada de soja (actualmente su valor se mueve en torno a los u$s 520 por tonelada).
«Hoy esta tecnología te permite que sean más eficientes los procesos como, por ejemplo, el canje. Actualmente, el canje es para un sector específico del campo. Todavía no se desarrolló y es bastante burocrático. Entonces hay que pensar cómo una moneda digital, como una cripto -que tiene respaldo en soja real como SOYA-, permite bajar costos, y bajar la intermediación, entre otros», detalló Roberto Baro.
Desde la firma son optimistas y revelan que su gran objetivo es tokenizar el 5% de la producción mundial de soja.
El nombre Agrotoken lo elegimos porque queríamos asociarnos con el alimento del mundo y el token, porque viene de todo este proceso de hacer digital lo real», explica.DiferencialesLa CEO de Agrotoken resaltó que actualmente la firma es la única en el mundo que se encarga de llevar adelante un proceso como el de tokenización de la soja.
«Hemos trabajado bastante en el estudio del mercado. Desde hace bastante, hubo intentos de querer hacerlo pero, por una cosa u otra, no se dio», comentó. Al ser consultada sobre el momento en que ocurre el lanzamiento de la iniciativa, la ejecutiva no duda: «creo que estamos en un momento espectacular y perfecto para el lanzamiento de una compañía como esta, entre el precio de la soja -que empieza a cosecharse- y el precio de la cripto». Y añade: «más allá del precio de la cripto en sí, el interés de la gente en la cripto hace que todo sea más visible», precisa.Sobre el modelo de negocios».
«Nosotros somos una nueva dimensión dentro del agro. No nos metemos para nada con lo que son los negocios tradicionales del productor. Al contrario. Lo que venimos es a gestar nuevos negocios. No hablamos ya de rentabilidad sino de nuevos negocios que surgen», explica Baró.
En una primera instancia, Agrotoken está muy dedicada a gestar la moneda, es decir, a emitirla.
«En una primera instancia, el productor entra a la página de la plataforma, se crea una cuenta, como cualquier otra fintech. Eso lo habilita a crear o tokenizar su soja», precisa la CEO.
Existen tres instrumentos necesarios para tokenizar:
Certificado de depósito electrónico: desde Agrotoken necesitan validar que el productor tiene las toneladas de soja y que existen en el mundo físico.
Subir el contrato de compra-venta: a partir del convenio que Agrotoken posee con tres oráculos de primera línea.
Realizar una sesión temporal de los derechos de cobro por el plazo que esa soja esté tokenizada: esa soja puede estar hoy tokenizada por 30, 60 o 90 días, en esta etapa del producto porque Agrotoken está «construyendo el ecosistema».
«La idea es que luego esto se pueda abrir a los inversores porque lo que queremos es democratizar que cualquier persona en el mundo pueda tomar soja de un productor argentino», añade la ejecutiva. Luego de realizar esos tres pasos, ese token generado por el momento queda en la billetera de Agrotoken.
«El beneficio que le damos a los productores pioneros, los primeros que nos acompañen, es que le pagamos aproximadamente un 3% en USDC que es una stablecoin, que está apareada al dólar. Es como un criptodólar. De esa manera, el cliente, cuando los quiere transformar los puede llevar directamente a su cuenta bancaria y se realiza la transferencia en pesos», detalló.
Desde Agrotoken remarcaron que «en esta instancia están hablando con los exchanges más importantes de Latinoamérica». «La idea es que las personas empiecen a comprar el token a través de estos exchanges. Esas plataformas son las encargadas de determinar cuál es el monto mínimo para invertir en SOYA», remarca.
«Lo que queremos gestar es la plataforma de tokenización. Después se empezará a gestar este ecosistema: estamos hablando con concesionarias de cosechadoras, con concesionarias de automóviles. Pero además, estamos conversando con muchas plataformas, personas y marcas importantes del ecosistema para los cuáles puedan aceptar el token, que luego se puedan cambiar en los exchanges», explica la ejecutiva.
Agrotoken, en sí, lo que hace es emitir este criptoactivo y está focalizada en el productor. «Lo mínimo que hoy puede tokenizar un productor son 30 toneladas, es decir, un camión de soja. Después, los inversores podrán encontrar los token SOYA en los exchanges. Y ahí el mínimo de compra estará establecido por cada una de estas plataformas», detalla la CEO.
Algunos números.
El objetivo de Agrotoken es finalizar el año con la emisión de 150.000 tokens, es decir, conseguir el respaldo de 150.000 toneladas de soja del mundo real.
La inversión inicial para crear AgroToken fue a partir de inversiones propias de los fundadores. «Hubo varios fondos interesados. Pero nosotros fuimos a buscar los legitimadores del mercado. Tenemos referentes de los agronegocios. La idea es escalar el proyecto a los principales mercados de la región. Queremos emitir un token de SOYA, enfocado en cada productor. El valor del token estará dado por el valor local de la soja en cada región», adelanta.
Los primeros clientes son las empresas que están relacionadas con el campo. Les explicamos el proceso. «Fuimos cuidadosos para no meternos en el negocio de ellos ni en el de los agroexportadores», resalta la ejecutiva.
El nacimiento en pandemia.
«A nosotros nos favoreció la situación. Somos una empresa que nació con reuniones remotas. Tenemos hoy equipos en España, Rosario, Buenos Aires, Amsterdam, Brasil, Uruguay. Y eso nos hace convertirnos rápidamente en una empresa global. La pandemia nos mostró cosas positivas y negativas. Nosotros somos de los que vimos el vaso medio lleno de cosas que, quiza en la diaria no lo podríamos haber podido gestar. Pero el hecho de estar en nuestras casas pensando en cosas nuevas nos permitió gestar esto», añade.
Según Baró, «todos sabemos lo que pasa en nuestro país y que la soja es el ángel de la guarda para la Argentina. Nosotros queremos gestar cosas nuevas. Que el productor pueda hacer más cosas en el ámbito digital», explica.
La ejecutiva cuenta que mientras se gestaba Agrotoken encontraron que en 1922, Thomas Edison trabajó en el plan monetario de «reserva de productos básicos», que consistía en que la moneda estadounidense debería estar respaldada por la producción agrícola de los productores norteamericanos.
Cuando supimos de este plan, realmente nos inspiró. Casi 100 años después, con el avance de la propia industria del agro mundial y la consolidación de las criptomonedas, nació Agrotoken. ¿Por qué no pensar que SOYA se transforme en una moneda de cambio habitual en el país al estar respaldada en la producción de origen?», recuerdan.Según la CEO de AgroToken, «es impresionante todo lo que se está gestando en el mundo de las finanzas descentralizadas (DeFi) y nosotros lo que venimos hacer es inyectar capital del agro en esas finanzas descentralizadas» y añade: «dentro del mediano y corto plazo queremos inyectar más de 5 billones de pesos a esa industria».
«Para una industria que recién empieza es absolutamente genial que empiecen a gestarse nuevos proyectos y productos que ayuden a los productores, no solo en la Argentina, sino en el resto del mundo a tener mejores condiciones económicas, de negocios, más eficiencia y mejores tasas. El mundo hoy va hacia allá», remarca.
Próximos pasos.
Agrotoken es la plataforma de tokenización. Y el primer producto es SOYA, la stablecoin con este producto. Sin embargo, la CEO explica que «en este road map que tenemos para desarrollo de producto y negocios, siguen los cultivos que son referentes en el mundo, como trigo y maíz».»Y lo que queremos también es tokenizar alimentos, granos y alimentos. Entonces eso no quita que Ecuador quiera tokenizar sus bananas. Estamos hablando de bienes fungibles. Nuestro token es un RC20 y vamos hacia esos tokens que son fungibles, poniendo valor al alimento del mundo», completa.
La primera tokenización de soja del planeta se realizó a partir de la soja real de productores, como El Boyero, Espartina y La Fe Vieja, con la participación de agroexportadores de primera línea, que depositaron su confianza en SOYA y Agrotoken que, actualmente, ya posee partners tecnológicos de la altura de DocuSign, OARO e Indexaris. Por otro lado, desde la firma ya trabajan en el desarrollo de una solución innovadora para tokenizar la soja en silo bolsa, de la mano de IOF Company y RUS.
«El proceso de tokenizar soja no altera el circuito del negocio tradicional de compra venta de granos sino que funciona como una solución digital para los productores del campo. Se abre la tranquera a un nuevo mundo para los agronegocios, democratizando la inversión en soja. Ahora cualquier persona o institución en cualquier parte del mundo podrá acceder a la soja digitalizada, SOYA, con tecnología segura, accesible y descentralizada», completó Baro.
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