Mundiales

ONU: Las adolescentes embarazadas son una fabrica de pobres.

Dic 2, 2020

Según UNFPA, Latinoamérica presenta la segunda tasa de fecundidad (66,5 por cada 1.000) más alta del mundo entre mujeres de 15 a 19 años.

El embarazo adolescente lastra la vida de miles de jóvenes y reproduce la pobreza en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, además de generar a los países gastos millonarios que podrían evitarse, advierte la ONU en un estudio presentado este miércoles (11.11.2020). 

«El embarazo en la adolescencia y la maternidad temprana son fenómenos que impactan fuertemente en la trayectoria de vida de miles de mujeres en América Latina», señala el informe del Fondo de Naciones Unidas para la Población (UNFPA).   

Los efectos de esos embarazos precoces «son múltiples y se extienden tanto al nivel de la educación como del mercado laboral, de la salud e incluso de las economías nacionales», añade el documento. 

«El embarazo adolescente es una fábrica de pobres en América Latina», dice a la AFP Federico Tobar, asesor regional del UNFPA.

Costos del embarazo adolescente

Según un informe de UNFPA, el embarazo adolescente en Latinoamérica y el Caribe genera costos a los Estados que suponen, en promedio, el 0,35 % del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) o 1.242 millones de dólares anuales por país. 

 Y los efectos de la pandemia del COVID-19 en curso se estiman «entre 400.000 y 500.000 embarazos adolescentes adicionales que se van a registrar el año que viene», y que tendrán un «costo marginal» para América Latina y el Caribe de «alrededor de 600 millones de dólares», dijo Tobar.  

Esto por restricciones de acceso a anticonceptivos por factores económicos o por falta de oferta, o por abusos sexuales, especialmente en menores de 15 años, explicó el funcionario.   

El estudio titulado «Consecuencias socioeconómicas del embarazo en la adolescencia en seis países de América Latina y el Caribe», analiza la situación de Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México y Paraguay. 

Dificultad para seguir los estudios y encontrar empleo.

Según el informe, las niñas y adolescentes que son madres suelen abandonar la escuela para criar a sus hijos, sobre todo en las familias de menos recursos, lo que se traduce en una mayor dificultad para seguir los estudios y encontrar empleo bien remunerado. 

Casi la mitad de las madres de 10 a 19 años se dedican exclusivamente a tareas domésticas y tienen tres veces menos oportunidades (6,4% frente 18,6%) de obtener un título universitario que aquellas que postergaron la maternidad, al tiempo que ganan en promedio 24% menos, indica el estudio. 

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